1. Origins of Polynesian Tattoo; Begins in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga
As the proud descendants of the oldest Polynesian societies, the Tongans, alongside their Fijian ancestors, trace their origins back 3,000 years. Carbon dating and DNA evidence place the emergence of these ancient societies around 900 BC, marking Fiji and Tonga as the cradle of Polynesian civilization.
This rich history precedes the rise of Samoans by 200 years, followed by the Cook Islanders and Tahitians 1,500 years ago, the Hawaiians 1,200 years ago, and the Maoris, who settled New Zealand 900 years ago.
The history of Polynesia is a tale of exploration and expansion, driven by the Tongans of the Tui Tonga Empire and the subsequent Tui Haa-Takalaua and Tui-Kano-Kupolu Dynasties. Utilizing advanced navigation techniques from Micronesian mariners, these ancient Tongans embarked on voyages across the Pacific, driven by a desire to discover new lands, establish trade networks, and propagate their social, religious, and political systems.
Central to this cultural expansion was the practice of tatau, a sacred tattooing tradition that originated in the ancient societies of Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa. As the Tongans extended their influence across the Pacific, the art of tatau spread and evolved, eventually reaching the shores of New Zealand, where the Maoris, the youngest of the Polynesian societies, called it "tamoko."
The reach of the Tui Tonga Empire was extensive, with Tongans establishing settlements and exerting influence across the Pacific, from the Lau Group and Viti Levu in Fiji to Rotuma, Samoa, Niue, Uvea (Wallis Island), Tokelau, Tuvalu, and beyond to the Cook Islands, the Solomon Islands, and even Rapanui (Easter Island).
The Langi structures, originating from Tonga, are a testament to the enduring legacy of Tui Tongan architecture and culture.
Every Polynesian society, along with Melanesians in Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, and Micronesians Tuvalu, Kiribati, Rota Island CNMI North Marianas, holds stories of the Tui Tonga Empire-its invasion, and imperialism that lasted for 400 years-underscoring the profound influence of Tonga's 3000 years old ancient civilization across the Pacific.
As the art of tatau migrated, it was adapted by different Polynesian cultures, each giving it a unique name and style.
Fijians referred to this ancient tradition as "veiqia," Samoans as "tatau," Tahitians as "tatu," and Hawaiians as "kakau."
Each migration brought changes to the language, culture, and societal structures of the communities involved, highlighting the dynamic nature of Polynesian society.
The story of the Polynesians is one of resilience, ingenuity, and cultural continuity.
Through their voyages, the Tongans and their Polynesian kin created a vast network of interconnected islands, weaving a system of shared traditions and beliefs.
Today, the global recognition of the word "tattoo" serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring influence of Polynesian Micronesian and Melanesian culture, and the deep roots of this ancient practice in the history of our Pacific Island people.
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